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 Ankylosing spondylitis, also known as axial spondylarthritis, is a chronic inflammatory disease that primarily affects the spine and sacroiliac joints. It causes pain, stiffness, and swelling in the affected areas, which can limit mobility and reduce quality of life. The condition is more common in men than women and usually affects individuals between the ages of 17 and 45. 

 Back pain can be acute or chronic, depending on how long it lasts. Acute back pain usually lasts less than six weeks and can result from injury or strain. Chronic back pain lasts more than three months and can have a more complex underlying cause, such as degenerative disc disease, spinal stenosis, or osteoporosis. 

 Cervical spinal canal stenosis is a condition where the spinal canal in the neck (cervical spine) narrows, putting pressure on the spinal cord and nerve roots. This narrowing can be caused by a variety of factors, including age-related changes, herniated discs, bone spurs, or congenital conditions. 

 Coccydynia is pain in the coccyx, or tailbone, which can occur due to various reasons such as trauma, prolonged sitting, childbirth, or even certain medical conditions. The pain may be sharp or aching and can worsen with sitting, standing, or transitioning from sitting to standing. 

 Degenerative disc disease (DDD) is a condition where the intervertebral discs in the spine gradually deteriorate due to age or wear and tear. These discs act as cushions between the vertebrae, providing support and flexibility. Over time, they can lose hydration and elasticity, leading to reduced disc height and potential disc herniation. 

 A disc bulge occurs when the outer layer of an intervertebral disc—the cushioning structure between the vertebrae—protrudes beyond its normal boundaries. This can happen due to wear and tear, injury, or degeneration. Unlike a herniated disc, where the inner material leaks out, a bulging disc typically means that the disc is still intact but has expanded outward.

 Disc sequestration is a more severe type of disc herniation where a portion of the intervertebral disc's inner material (nucleus pulposus) breaks through the outer layer (annulus fibrosus) and becomes detached. This can lead to the inner material migrating away from the disc and potentially compressing nearby nerves or the spinal cord. 

 Facet joint arthropathy refers to degenerative changes in the facet joints, which are small joints located between the vertebrae in the spine. These joints allow for movement and stability in the spine, but over time, they can wear down due to age, injury, or repetitive stress, leading to pain and reduced mobility. 

 Fibromyalgia is a chronic disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and cognitive difficulties. The exact cause is not well understood, but it is thought to involve a combination of genetic, environmental, and psychological factors. 

 Headaches accompanied by neck pain can be a common and distressing issue. This combination often indicates an underlying problem that may be related to muscle tension, joint dysfunction, or other conditions. 

 Kyphosis is a spinal disorder characterized by an excessive outward curvature of the upper back, resulting in a hunched or rounded appearance. It primarily affects the thoracic region of the spine, though it can sometimes involve the cervical or lumbar regions. Kyphosis can be mild, moderate, or severe, and its causes, symptoms, and treatments vary depending on its type. 

 Lower back muscle strain is a common injury that occurs when muscles in the lumbar region (lower back) are overstretched or torn. It can result from improper movements, overexertion, or lifting heavy objects. Muscle strain is one of the leading causes of acute lower back pain, affecting individuals of all ages. 

 Lower back pain affects millions of people worldwide, impacting daily activities and overall quality of life. It can range from a mild, dull ache to sharp, debilitating discomfort. Causes vary from muscle strain and poor posture to more serious conditions like herniated discs or arthritis. Early diagnosis and proper treatment can help alleviate pain and restore mobility. Explore our resources to understand the causes, symptoms, and treatment options available for managing lower back pain. 

 Lumbar spinal stenosis occurs when the spaces within the lower spine narrow, putting pressure on the spinal cord and nerves. This can lead to pain, numbness, or weakness in the legs, and difficulty walking. Often caused by age-related changes, it can be managed with non-surgical treatments like physical therapy, medications, or minimally invasive procedures. Learn more about the symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options for lumbar spinal stenosis. 

 Lumbarisation and sacralisation are anatomical variations in the spine. Lumbarisation occurs when the first sacral vertebra becomes more like a lumbar vertebra, adding an extra lumbar segment. Sacralisation, on the other hand, happens when the lowest lumbar vertebra fuses with the sacrum, reducing lumbar mobility. While often asymptomatic, these conditions can sometimes contribute to lower back pain or mobility issues. Learn more about their causes, symptoms, and treatment options. 

 Muscle strain, or a pulled muscle, occurs when fibers in a muscle are overstretched or torn, often due to sudden movement or overuse. It can cause pain, swelling, and limited mobility. While most muscle strains heal with rest, ice, and proper care, severe cases may require physical therapy. Learn how to recognize, treat, and prevent muscle strains to keep your muscles healthy and strong. 

 Neck pain is a common issue that can stem from poor posture, muscle strain, or underlying conditions like herniated discs and arthritis. It may cause discomfort, stiffness, or even headaches, affecting your ability to perform daily tasks. Early intervention through proper treatment and lifestyle adjustments can help relieve pain and restore mobility. Discover effective ways to manage and prevent neck pain. 

 Osteoporosis is a condition that weakens bones, making them fragile and more prone to fractures. It often develops without symptoms until a bone breaks, most commonly in the hips, spine, or wrists. Age, hormonal changes, and lack of calcium contribute to bone loss. Early diagnosis and treatment can help strengthen bones and prevent fractures. Explore our resources to learn more about osteoporosis and how to protect your bone health. 

 Pelvic girdle pain (PGP) is discomfort in the joints around the pelvis, often occurring during pregnancy but can affect anyone. It may cause pain in the lower back, hips, groin, or thighs, making everyday movements like walking or sitting difficult. Early diagnosis and targeted treatment, including physiotherapy, can help relieve symptoms and restore mobility. Learn more about managing pelvic girdle pain and improving your quality of life. 

 Piriformis syndrome occurs when the piriformis muscle, located in the buttock region, irritates the sciatic nerve, causing pain, tingling, or numbness in the buttocks and down the leg. This condition can result from muscle overuse, prolonged sitting, or injury. Treatment options include stretching, physical therapy, and lifestyle adjustments to alleviate symptoms and restore mobility. Learn more about the causes and effective treatments for piriformis syndrome. 

 Back pain during pregnancy is a common issue due to hormonal changes, weight gain, and shifting posture. It typically affects the lower back and can range from mild discomfort to more severe pain, impacting daily activities. Gentle exercises, proper posture, and supportive care can help relieve symptoms. Discover effective strategies to manage pregnancy-related back pain and stay comfortable throughout your pregnancy.

 Sacroiliac joint dysfunction occurs when the sacroiliac (SI) joints, which connect the lower spine to the pelvis, become inflamed or misaligned, causing pain in the lower back, hips, or legs. It can result from injury, arthritis, or pregnancy. Treatment options include physical therapy, pain management, and lifestyle adjustments. Learn more about sacroiliac joint dysfunction and how to effectively manage the pain. 

 Sciatica refers to pain that radiates along the path of the sciatic nerve, which runs from the lower back through the hips and buttocks and down each leg. It often occurs due to a herniated disc, spinal stenosis, or muscle compression, causing sharp, shooting pain, numbness, or tingling. Treatment may include physical therapy, medications, and lifestyle modifications to alleviate symptoms. Learn more about sciatica and effective management strategies to find relief. 

 Scoliosis is a condition characterized by an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine. It can develop during childhood or adolescence and may lead to uneven shoulders, a tilted waist, or back pain. While many cases are mild and require minimal treatment, severe scoliosis can affect lung function and posture. Early diagnosis and appropriate management, including physical therapy and bracing, can help improve outcomes. Learn more about scoliosis and how to monitor and treat this condition effectively. 

 A slipped disc, also known as a herniated or prolapsed disc, occurs when the soft material inside a spinal disc bulges out, pressing on nearby nerves. This can lead to pain, numbness, or weakness in the back, legs, or arms, depending on the location. Common causes include injury, aging, and repetitive strain. Treatment options range from rest and physical therapy to medications and, in severe cases, surgery. Learn more about slipped discs and how to manage the symptoms effectively. 

 Spinal arthritis, also known as spondylitis, is an inflammatory condition that affects the joints in the spine, leading to pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. It can result from wear and tear over time or autoimmune disorders. Symptoms often worsen with inactivity and improve with movement. Treatment may include physical therapy, medications, and lifestyle changes to alleviate pain and improve function. Discover more about spinal arthritis and effective strategies for managing its impact on your life. 

 Spinal canal stenosis occurs when the spaces within the spine narrow, putting pressure on the spinal cord and nerves. This can lead to symptoms such as pain, numbness, and weakness in the arms or legs, often worsening with activity. Common causes include aging, arthritis, and herniated discs. Treatment options range from physical therapy and medications to surgical interventions in severe cases. Learn more about spinal canal stenosis and how to manage its effects on your daily life. 

 Spondyloarthropathies are a group of inflammatory rheumatic diseases that primarily affect the spine and the sacroiliac joints, leading to pain and stiffness. Common types include ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis. Symptoms often include chronic back pain, reduced flexibility, and joint inflammation. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing symptoms and preventing complications. Explore more about spondyloarthropathies and effective strategies for living well with these conditions. 

 Spondylolisthesis occurs when a vertebra in the spine slips out of place, often due to degenerative changes, trauma, or congenital defects. This condition can lead to lower back pain, stiffness, and nerve compression, resulting in symptoms like leg pain or numbness. Treatment options range from physical therapy and pain management to surgical intervention in more severe cases. Learn more about spondylolisthesis and effective strategies for managing your symptoms. 

 Stenosis refers to the abnormal narrowing of a passage in the body, commonly affecting the spinal canal or blood vessels. In the spine, spinal stenosis can cause compression of the spinal cord and nerves, leading to pain, numbness, and mobility issues. Symptoms may vary based on the location and severity of the narrowing. Treatment options include physical therapy, medications, and surgical procedures to relieve pressure and improve function. Learn more about stenosis and effective management strategies to enhance your quality of life. 

 Upper back pain is a common issue that can arise from poor posture, muscle strain, or injuries. It often manifests as discomfort between the neck and lower back and may be accompanied by stiffness or tightness. Factors such as prolonged sitting or heavy lifting can exacerbate the pain. Effective management includes physical therapy, stretching exercises, and ergonomic adjustments. Discover more about upper back pain and how to alleviate symptoms for better comfort and mobility.